Notorious beyond it's size and penitential impact (Alcatraz was only a prison for 19 years), "The Rock" is an exciting afternoon - especially on a nice day. The complex is nicely restored with lots of information and many photographs. The "prison yard" has phenomenal views of the bay and the Golden Gate Bridge.
If you want to guarantee yourself a spot, make a reservation early... and, if you miss it, don't sweat it - take a bay tour, visit Angel Island, or venture to the Power Exchange for similar vibes :)
Website: http://www.alcatrazcruises.com/
Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcatraz